I recall that when I started my pharmacy apprenticeship in 1957 in community pharmacy, some of the favourite extemporaneous mixture scripts of the day were directly derived from hospitals, such as the RMH Asthma No. History of pharmacy. Jonathan Roberts. America's first hospital pharmacist was Jonathan Roberts, hired in 1752. The Hospital Pharmacy Section of the Federation of International Pharmacists (FIP) was founded in 1957 and places an emphasis on the practice of pharmacy … Available online. To disseminate pharmaceutical knowledge by providing for interchange of information among hospital pharmacists and with members of allied specialties and professions. The concept of hospital pharmacy was started in Patan Hospital in the 1980s. ‘Up until the mid-1960s, the majority of all prescriptions issued by private GPs and hospital medical officers, were for extemporaneous preparations; (mixtures, creams, lotions, ointments, nosedrops, eyedrops, suppositories). The first dispenser in the then town of Melbourne was not employed until 1862, at The Melbourne (later Royal Melbourne) Hospital. HISTORY OF PHARMACY. They reviewed, supplied and counselled patients in specifically-allocated ward and other clinical areas, and also gave periodic lectures on medication use and safety to undergraduate nursing students. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING ERA-The new horizon. 5.  |  In the first of these articles, I provided a short summary of the changes and evolution of hospital pharmacy practice from its beginnings, through to the formation of the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia.. Initially for a list of drugs, including some extemporaneous and proprietary products, to be used for an expanded, but still limited, number of designated medical conditions. In writing about the mid to late 1940s, Neil Naismith notes that: “perhaps the greatest achievement of this period was the contact and rapport which was established between the pharmacy staffs and the various hospitals by means of the monthly meetings and the Annual Conference that became a regular event from 1947.”. The clinical/ward pharmacist also routinely liaised with nursing and other professional colleagues at ward level, regarding optimum medication management and safety issues. 1752. STUDY. Among others who played leading roles in the formation and early development of the SHPA were Bill Hayes (Geelong Hospital) and Lance Jeffs (Royal Adelaide Hospital). These were to be dispensed at community pharmacies with a small patient co-payment (5 shillings, or 50 cents in today’s terms). Only in 1673 a pharmacy was installed, manned by the civilian Master Norbertus Van Vooren. The formation of drug subcommittees in hospitals. The main development is reviewed from 1950 to now including: regulation, professional association roles, agreement and continuing education, development of clinical pharmacy, and updating of university training program. 2. History Of Hospital Pharmacy. APPco Pty Ltd, its affiliates and their respective servants and agents do not accept any liability for any injury, loss or damage incurred by use of or reliance on the information made available via or through ajp.com.au whether arising from negligence or otherwise. I worked closely on the activities of this working party with the late Dr Ian Larmour, then chairman of SHPA, Victorian branch, who had also been involved in initiating clinical pharmacy practice at Prince Henry’s Hospital. This association was created in 1953. Commencing in the late 1940s and through the 1950s, with the epoch-changing transition to medications prepared by drug manufacturers in tablet and capsule form, hospitals set up ‘drug subcommittees’ to monitor and evaluate new drugs, including the cost-benefits, and to make recommendations regarding their use or otherwise. ANCIENT ERA-The beginning of time to AD 1600 2. This video is proudly …, The only payments for AIR are when a child under 7 is immunised, regardless of provider Contributing to AIR is…, On the 23rd of August 2020, Doctor Omar Khorshid said and I quote: "We have to acknowledge it is a…, After the year we’ve had shouldering the extra load with everything from GPs who’ve shut their doors to telehealth profiteering,…. 2011 Jan;131(1):51-7. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.131.51. In a historical snapshot of hospital pharmacy practice in the 1950s, Peter Featherston from Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, reflected on the work environment of the time: Working conditions in the hospitals of the fifties left much to be desired. EMPIRIC ERA-1600-1940 3. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Existing equipment was, generally speaking, in poor condition, and replacement difficult or impossible to obtain. http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi/welcome.pl, http://www.vza.be/nl/Default/6487/Home.aspx. When the SHPA became a national organisation in 1961, Fred Boyd was elected its first federal president, a post he held from 1961 to 1965. ‘Positions for hospital dispensers were limited. PATIENT CARE ERA-1970-present. ANCIENT ERA. The history of hospital pharmacy in the United States from the Colonial period to the 1930s is explored. Furthermore, as recounted by Featherston in the early 1950s, there were no such things as prescription pads and it was common practice for the prescribing medical officer to give the outpatients their medical records. Another important development in the evolution of hospital pharmacists having input into clinical decision-making had actually commenced back in the 1940s, when some major teaching hospitals developed their own pharmacopoeias. Indeed, throughout the 1970s, many of us working collaboratively in the clinical areas of hospitals, were invited by senior medical staff and medical administrators in our hospitals to attend medical staff meetings, at which we presented a summary and engaged in a discussion of the practical application of Naismith’s ward/clinical pharmacy medication safety and cost-effectiveness research findings. Am J Health Syst Pharm. Pennsylvania Hospital-temporarily set up in Kinsey house to serve the poor until the first hospital building was built-first hospital in Colonial America, est. In the next article, Ron reflects on his own experiences and challenges with the profound changes in hospital pharmacy practice, which took place during his hospital pharmacy career from the 1970s to 2019. 3. Used leaves, mud, and cool water to … Another aspect of this role is to recom… The beginnings of pharmacy are ancient. By 1811 the New York Hospital had a full-time pharmaceutical practitioner. Hospital pharmacy is the profession that strives to continuously maintain and improve the medication management and pharmaceutical care of patients to the highest standards in a hospital … Was this a prescient omen of things to come? In Nepal, there are more than 100 tertiary care hospitals, but the number of hospitals running their own pharmacies can be counted in your fingertips. There is evidence that Neanderthals used pain-killers and antibiotics to self-medicate as early as 49,000 years ago. USA.gov. INDUSTRIALIZATION ERA-1940-1970. The Belgian Association of Hospital Pharmacists (BAHP) is a professional and scientific association representing all pharmacists who work in hospital institutions, whether private or public, university, general or psychiatric. Are doctors paid to fill out the AIR? The History of the Swedish Hospital Pharmacy. In fact, in most hospitals of the 1850s and 1860s, the dispensing was undertaken by a medical practitioner, usually a designated Assistant Surgeon. For the first time, pharmacists were provided with an entry into wards. Berglind Gunilla. 2 Mixture, with ephedrine, phenobarb and theophylline plus potassium iodide, with liquorice extract, which made it a black colour. In Victoria, it was in the major gold-mining towns that dispensers in hospitals were first employed: Ballarat in 1856 and Bendigo in 1859. This prevailing situation in many hospitals was also noted by Naismith, in his history of the SHPA: ‘During that period there was a huge proliferation in the use of large-volume intravenous fluids in public hospitals and the greater number and variety of such formulations that were required, had a tremendous effect on hospital practice’. He writes that: “medicines were made in the hospital dispensary according to prescription and sent in labelled bottles to the wards for administration by nurses or wardsmen, with purgatives and emetics sometimes mistakenly interchanged!”. The second strand of medical history to be explored is therefore the genesis in northern Italy and France of Renaissance medicine and pharmacy; this saw the beginnings of an analytical approach that gradually took the place of medieval recourse to the supernatural, and created the foundations of modern medical science.  |  Hospital Pharmacy 1- Clinical pharmacy unit The History Of Hospital Pharmacy Before 70s in USA the role of pharmacist was only for dispensing medecines and manufacturing some drugs.Now it's changed Like most other early hospital apothecaries, Roberts was an apprentice physician. He has been a prominent voice in specialist, general and consultant pharmacy, author of the first Reference guide on drugs and pregnancy in 1980, several drugs and breastfeeding guides and, more recently in 2013, Taking medicines in pregnancy—what’s safe and what’s not, a plain English guide, as well as contributing to numerous advisory groups and committees. Would you like email updates of new search results? Hospital pharmacy departments are expected to optimize the preparation, dispensing, and distribution of medications. PLAY. The four clinical areas designated for this initial clinical pharmacy service at The Royal Melbourne were Coronary Care, Intensive Care, Renal, and the area that I was allocated to, the Special Haematology Unit, which managed patients with leukaemias and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Available online: Hospital Pharmacist of Belgium. This web site is intended for Australian pharmacy professionals and is not a substitute for independent professional advice. Later in 1974, I was fortunate to be appointed as a member of the initial full-time clinical pharmacy services team, introduced at The Royal Melbourne Hospital that year after a pilot program had been run in 1973. Opportunities were controlled mostly by the drug wholesale houses.’. Pharmacist involvement with immunizations: a decade of professional advancement. Within these were interposed, jumbled haphazardly with clinical notes and prescribers’ comments, their prescriptions. 2018 Aug 15;75(16):1203-1226. doi: 10.2146/ajhp180151. The main development is reviewed from 1950 to now including: regulation, professional association roles, agreement and continuing education, development of clinical pharmacy, and updating of university training program. History Early 1900s › Advent of hospital formulary Hospital Formulary – a list of drugs approved for use within the hospital or health system by the Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committee. Of course, it was also a time of ‘financial constraint’, and, as usual, the pharmacy was fairly low down on the ‘financial pecking order’ of most hospitals. [(accessed on 1 February 2016)]. Further the accuracy, currency and completeness of the information available on this web site cannot be guaranteed. I also operated a decentralised satellite pharmacy dispensing and counselling service to ambulatory patients attending the twice-weekly special haematology outpatients clinics. As noted by Jill Mobilia, pharmacy director of the Royal Children’s Hospital in the late 1950s, this provided a mode of formal entry of pharmacists onto the wards, to work with nursing and other ward staff on medication supply management. The hospital Pharmacy Service shall be under the general supervision of the administrative officer or Chief of Hospital (COH); it will directly be administered and supervised by a licensed pharmacist. A comprehensive, world-wide bibliography that gives complete coverage to pharmacy. She was his apothecary or pharmacist. Moniteur Belge—Belgisch Staatsblad. Before then, pharmacy evolved from antiquity as part of medicine.The history of pharmacy coincides well with the history of medicine, but it's important that there is a distinction between the two topics. Information and interactions contained in this website are for information purposes only and are not intended to be used to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Important amongst them are 1. Int J Pharm Compd. [(accessed on 1 February 2016)]. The aim of this short paper is to tell the history of its continuous development in a few words. Schneider PJ, Pedersen CA, Scheckelhoff DJ. AMA head calls on film festival director to pull screening in Victoria in the interest of public health Vaxxed: From…, A controversial report argues “absurdly low” wages of pharmacists are the elephant in the room Read Workforce Woes: Part 1 here.…, Religious guidance may put UK pharmacists at risk of punishment, says C + D author… but what about Aussie pharmacists?…, Remunerated MedsChecks are set to double and payments for DAAs streamlined under an $825 million provision for pharmacy over the…. Elias Durand becomes one of the first pharmacists to introduce the soda fountain at his shop. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. The first standing military hospital in the world has been created in 1567 by Margarita de Parma and it was called "Hospital Real del Ejercito de los Países Bajos", Royal Army Hospital of the Netherlands. EMPIRIC ERA-1600-1940 . NLM a conference of hospital pharmacy leaders and pharmacy educators conducted in 1985 in Hilton Head, South Carolina, which emerged with the idea that hospital pharmacies should function as clinical departments with the mission of fostering the appropriate use of medicines The aim of this short paper is to tell the history of its continuous development in a few words. First hospital pharmacists, also apprentice physician. Setting the stage for the future involvement of hospital pharmacists within the ward/clinical management areas were three significant ‘preludes’: 1. The history of pharmacy as an independent science dates back to the first third of the 19th century. Due to the high interest in ASHP's Special Conference on Hospital Pharmacy (1964) and the Special Conference on Drug Distribution (1965), the ASHP Board of Directors approved the first-ever Clinical Midyear Meeting (as it was then known) to be held in November 1966 at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C. In 1973, after four years of undergraduate study, followed by 11 years of full-time practice as a community pharmacist, I commenced my hospital pharmacy career at The Royal Melbourne Hospital (RMH), a major teaching hospital in Melbourne. In 1974, I was orientated through the then newly established Drug Information Service at The Royal Melbourne, the first of its kind in Australia, managed by the then deputy director of pharmacy, Elizabeth Lew Sang. From the mid-1970s, the SHPA held biennial federal conferences, alternating with state branch conferences, with local hospital pharmacists and invited overseas experts in the field attending and participating in workshop discussions, and hospital pharmacists presenting papers and posters on the clinical, patient care activities, and research in which they had been involved. Available online: Association Francophone Des Pharmaciens Hospitaliers de Belgique. ‘Up until the mid-to-late 1970s , hospital pharmacy departments were set up with autoclaves and other required equipment, to routinely prepare a wide range of water for irrigation, dextrose, saline and assorted other intravenous and large volume sterile solutions on-site, as well as eye drops, inhalations and other small volume products.’ In June 1941, the Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (SHPA) was inaugurated at a meeting at The Royal Melbourne Hospital in Victoria, a state with 36 member pharmacists employed, at that time, in hospitals. HOSPITAL PHARMACY’S NASCENCEa,1–4 Pharmacists have been associated with hospitals as long as there have been hospitals in America. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 84ᵉ année, n°312, 1996.Actes du XXXIe Congrès International d'Histoire de la Pharmacie (Paris, 25-29 septembre 1995) pp. Mesopotamia (2600 BC) –These people were credited to be the first to put medical knowledge in writing. pharmacy Article A Short History of the Development of Hospital Pharmacy in Belgium Jean-Daniel Hecq Hospital Pharmacy, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir 5530, Belgium; jean-daniel.hecq@uclouvain.be; Tel. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Some notable nations contributed to the development of the medical profession in the early times. INDUSTRIALIZATION ERA-1940-1970 4. In his 1988 book, A History of Pharmacy in Australia, Gregory Haines, gives some background to the activities which took place in hospitals in Sydney in the early 1800s. 8th Evacuation Hospital Pharmacy, 1944. 1920 – Prohibition (alcohol) 1930s – AHA created a Committee of Pharmacy to analyze problems and make recommendations. Hospital pharmacies may also dispense over-the-counter and prescription medications to outpatients. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Keywords: The RMH director of pharmacy, Neil Naismith, was a pioneer in the development, implementation, and demonstration of improved patient medication management and, as a critical ‘selling point’, the cost-effectiveness arising from the implementation of ward/clinical pharmacy services. In 1978, our SHPA Victorian working party produced the inaugural SHPA document Guidelines for Clinical Pharmacy Practice and we subsequently conducted workshops and presentations on this issue at SHPA conferences. Epub 2018 Jun 14. In 1976, after my initial introduction to clinical/ward pharmacy from 1974–1976, as the groundbreaking clinical pharmacy program was starting to be embraced in hospitals throughout the country, I was appointed as the convenor of the first working party on clinical pharmacy practice in Australia. There were two prime movers behind the formation of this professional organisation, both of whom became elected officers, namely, the president, Charles MacGibbon, director of pharmacy at The Royal Melbourne Hospital; and honorary secretary, Fred Boyd, from Mont Park Mental Hospital in Macleod, an outer eastern suburb of Melbourne. The majority of hospitals do not have their own hospital pharmacies. To examine the pattern of pharmacy curricula over the past century we begin with an approach under which colleges of pharmacy offered the academic degree Graduate in Pharmacy (Ph.G.). For, indeed, more than a century was to pass before pharmacists working in hospitals were able to secure something approaching the staffing and equipment required to manage the Drug Budget, the largest hospital expense outside salaries! Hospital pharmacists will often monitor the effects of the medications they prescribe and counsel their patients on the effects of the drugs. Pharmacy involvement in the development of hospital‑based pharmacopoeias. John Morgan . Scheme was introduced throughout the country. There were, of course, a variety of other favourite extemporaneous preparations, including the bane of our lives at that time, the very potent atropine and phenobarbitone mixture, used for infant colic and other infant gastro-intestinal problems. $825 million announced in pharmacy program changes. 1.ANCIENT ERA • Used leaves, mud, and cool water … Subsequently throughout his career, Larmour developed and became a leading innovator of, new clinical practice pathways for of this important aspect of our profession. During my apprenticeship years in community pharmacy in the late 1950s, I experienced first-hand the ‘explosive’ increase in the availability of proprietary preparations coming on to the market, winning the favour of prescribers. From the late 1970s onwards, following Naismith’s ground-breaking studies on improved patient medication management and cost-effectiveness arising from ward/clinical pharmacy services, clinical/ward pharmacists became a routine feature in many hospitals. The organization serves to establish the authority relationships between positions and to assign special tasks that achieve the pharmacy’s objectives. HISTORY OF PHARMACY The evolution of the profession of pharmacy can be divided into five historical periods: 1. When the Pennsylvania Hospital (the first hospital in Colonial America) was established in 1752, Jonathan Roberts was appointed as its apothecary. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING ERA-The new horizon 17. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. [(accessed on 1 February 2016)]. ASHP Hilton Head Conference in 1985 Emerged the idea that hospital pharmacies should function as clinical departments with the mission to foster the appropriate use of medicine Fostering Optimal Patient Outcome Evolution of Hospital Pharmacy in the Philippines 1577 Hospital de San Juan de Dios and Hospital de San Lazaro were built by the Franciscans 1962 The Philippine Society of Hospital … As part of my orientation and ongoing practice at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, I worked in all areas of the department, including outpatients, inpatient and ward supply, requisition and purchasing, sterile preparation (under the watchful eye of the ‘doyen’ of sterile room activities, Beatrice Lee), and in non-sterile manufacturing. Each decision must be made in a timely and efficient manner and requires significant input from doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals. Naismith’s work in this field continued for many more years. In the Greek legend, Asclepius, the god of the healing art, delegated to Hygieia the duty of compounding his remedies. Interestingly, this hospital’s first annual report stated that “A Mr. Williams, Chemist of Brunswick Street, provided a dispenser gratuitously for the first six months.”. The aim of this short paper is to tell the history of its continuous development in a few words. Bibliography of the History of Medicine. 2006 Sep-Oct;10(5):361-8. Pharmacy is derived from the Greek word pharmakeia, meaning “use of drugs, medicines, potions, or spells; poisoning, witchcraft; remedy, cure.”. The drug information service is one of the success stories of hospital pharmacy and, together with active participation in research, drug history taking and involvement in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation team, DI services have been shown to reduce patient mortality in hospitals in the United States. clinical pharmacy; continuing education health professions; continuing professional development; hospital pharmacy. Hospital pharmacists are a vital part of the healthcare team. Following on from this transition to medications prepared by drug manufacturers in tablet and capsule form, in March 1960, arising from an existing “emergency-only drugs” list, the Pharmaceutical Benefits.  |  2006 Mar-Apr;46(2):168-79; quiz 179-82. doi: 10.1331/154434506776180621. [Information transmission to the community pharmacist after a patient's discharge from the hospital: setting up of a written medication discharge form, prospective evaluation of its impact, and survey of the information needs of the pharmacists]. This was established by the Victorian branch committee of the SHPA, of which I was then a member, and later, branch secretary. In this program, one of the first in Australia, pharmacists worked collaboratively alongside medical, nursing and other health professional staff. Unless you had a steady job, you would be lucky to obtain a week’s employment every three weeks. Chinese (2000 BC) –The Chinese believed that diseases resulted from the imbalance in forces acting on humans and animals, thus produced herbal drugs with “… In Victoria, these pharmacopoeias included those from The Royal Melbourne, The Alfred, The Royal Childrens, St Vincent’s,Prince Henry’s, Eye and Ear, and Queen Victoria hospitals. Hospital pharmacy and/or clinical pharmacy is the organization or department of the hospital which comprises or deals with the healthcare facilities such as preparation of prescription, preservation, packaging, sterilization, compounding, preparation, distribution of … Don E. Francke; American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 15, Issue 1, 1 January 1958, Pages 37, https://doi.org/10.1 “Again, within hospitals, the Chief Pharmacist was an integral part of these Committees,” Naismith wrote. Claeys C, Dufrasne M, De Vriese C, Nève J, Tulkens PM, Spinewine A. Yakugaku Zasshi. 1 Mixture, with aspirin, ephedrine, phenobarb and theophylline, which was cloudy white, and the Asthma No. 1. Hospital Pharmacy. The practice of pharmacy has been around for thousands of years, and healing with medicinal plants is as old as mankind itself. It did not have a pharmacy and rugs were collected in city pharmacies. NIH Implemention of the Imprest system for ward supplies. The clinical pharmacist also attended and actively participated in therapeutic reviews on all ward rounds, and multi-disciplinary patient review meetings, as well as the haematology/pathology meetings. Indeed, as Featherston noted (and I can also verify from my own introduction to hospital pharmacy practice in 1973): ‘Up until the mid-to-late 1970s , hospital pharmacy departments were set up with autoclaves and other required equipment, to routinely prepare a wide range of water for irrigation, dextrose, saline and assorted other intravenous and large volume sterile solutions on-site, as well as eye drops, inhalations and other small volume products.’. [(accessed on 1 February 2016)]; Available online: Moniteur Belge—Belgisch Staatsblad Royal Decree of 19/10/1978 regulating the dispensaries and the deposits of drugs in the health care institutions (13251) Oct 31, 1978. I've worked with a few young community pharmacists who have got into hospital pharmacy as a junior after working a few years as a manager and they just don't like the heirachy and banding system in the hospital and dislike instruction - I understand they've been in charge of a pharmacy before but hospital is a big team where there are many senior pharmacists with vast clinical experience. Working in either the NHS or private hospitals, being a hospital pharmacist means you’re part of a team where the focus is firmly on patients. In 1864 the Melbourne Lying-in Hospital and Infirmary for Diseases of Women and Children opened, which later ‘morphed’ into The Royal Women’s Hospital. The evolution of the profession of pharmacy can be divided into five historical periods: ANCIENT ERA-The beginning of time to AD 1600. In the second of a two-part series, Ron Batagol looks at the changes in hospital pharmacy practice since the 1970s. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 5. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). Hospital pharmacy is a specialised field of pharmacy which forms an integrated part of patient health care in a health facility. HHS So, it is necessary to have policies and regulations for handling medication safely. Click here to read the full issue of this month's AJP, Non PDL Members Subscribe to the AJP e-mag, PDL Members can access the AJP e-mag through the PDL website, Lucinda Hancock, CEO of Nutrition Australia Vic, SA and Tas, speaks about the lifelong benefits of good nutrition from conception to the age of 2 years. [Project of continuing professional development for pharmacists supported by three public universities]. To promote research in hospital pharmacy practices and in the pharmaceutical sciences in general. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 193-194. Hospital Pharmacy: The department of the hospital which deals with procurement, storage, compounding, dispensing, manufacturing, testing, packaging, and distribution of drugs. A new decree for the hospital pharmacist is in the course of being finalized, including new technologies: automated dispensing, automated compounding, centralization of sterile compounding, e-learning, traceability of medical devices and clinical pharmacy. Issued annually by the National Library of Medicine since 1964 and in five-year accumulations, viz: 1964-69, 1970-74, 1975-79, 1980-84, 1985-89: National Library of Medicine, 1964-. As far as supply to the wards and other medical treatment areas within the hospital, bulk medication supplies prepared by the pharmacy department, often located in the basement, were placed into ward baskets and delivered to the wards and other clinical areas by pharmacists or support staff, and there was little if any clinical role for pharmacists at the ward level.’. ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings: Dispensing and administration-2017. Because pharmacist are not. The practice of pharmacy within the hospital under the supervision of a professional pharmacist is known as hospital pharmacy. This association was created in 1953. Ron Batagol has had 47 years’ experience at all levels of hospital pharmacy practice, in addition to 18 years’ full-time, and 30 years’ part-time practice at all levels of community pharmacy. In 1952, the Imprest system for the supply of drugs to wards was established in NSW by the chief pharmacist at Canberra Hospital, Enid Barnes, and was an important milestone in the development of hospital pharmacy. The Belgian Association of Hospital Pharmacists (BAHP) is a professional and scientific association representing all pharmacists who work in hospital institutions, whether private or public, university, general or psychiatric. Pharmacists are a vital part of these pharmacopoeia involved a Committee which included input by the pharmacist! 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